ASDEPP Courses
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C1) Modelling of the environment and environmental loads |
Principal lecturer: Carlos Guedes Soares (IST), guedess@mar.ist.utl.pt; Nuno Fonseca (IST), nfonseca@mar.ist.utl.pt; Sime Malenica (BV), sime.malenica@bureauveritas.com; Penti Kuyalla (HUT), pentti.kujala@tkk.fi
Associated lecturer: Jasna Prpic-Oršic (FE), jasnapo@riteh.hr
Course location: FE (Rijeka, Croatia)
Objectives
The main aim of the lectures is to provide theoretical background and numerical modelling techniques that are necessary for rational determination of design values of environmental parameters and environmentally-induced loads for ship structural design.
Programme
Wind and Wind loads. Wind spectrum. Wind loading on ships (Isherwood, Gould, Blendermann, OCIMF methods). Wind loading on offshore structures. Determination of design sustained wind velocity. Turbulent wind. Waves, stochastic models and extreme value. Interaction of wave systems in the linear theory of waves. Stochastic model of surface waves. Wave spectra and autocorrelation functions. Special types of wave spectra. Short and Long term probabilistic models of wave elevation and crest heights. Extreme values of wave elevation and crest heights. Ice and Ice loads. Winter navigation principles. Properties of ice. Definition of ice conditions: level ice, ridges, ice channels…. Model scale testing in ice. Determination of ice loads. Statistical nature of ice induced loads. Ice induced damages of the hull. Ice rules. Wave loads. Loads on floaters with advance speed. Linear and non-linear strip theory. Design wave loads. Hydrodynamic impact loads (slamming, sloshing, green water). Loads on floaters without advance speed. Transfer of hydrodynamic loads to the structural model.
Bibliography
Faltinsen, M.O., Sea loads of ships and offshore structures, Cambridge ocean technology series, Cambridge Press, 1998.
Cammaert and Muggreridge: Ice interaction with offshore structures. VNB. New York, 1988
Ochi, M.K., Ocean waves, the stochastic approach, Cambridge ocean technology series, Cambridge Press, 1998.
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C2) Ship structural reliability with respect to ultimate strength |
Principal lecturers: Carlos Guedes Soares (IST), guedess@mar.ist.utl.pt; Ângelo Teixeira (IST), teixeira@mar.ist.utl.pt
Associated lecturer: Kalman Ziha (FAMENA), kziha@fsb.hr
Course location: FAMENA, Zagreb
Objectives
The students should be able to formulate and solve structural reliability problems and to assess the partial safety factors included in the probabilistic design of ship structures.
Programme
Modelling uncertainty and variability: multiple random variables, univariate and multivariate distributions, transformation to standard normal space, first- and second-order approximations of moments.
Introduction to structural reliability: structural safety, uncertainties, limits states. Probababilistic modelling of load and ultimate strength of ship structures. Stochastic load models; load combination. Formulation of structural component reliability: First-order reliability method (FORM); reliability sensitivity measures; the second-order reliability method (SORM). Simulation methods: generation of random numbers; Monte Carlo, importance sampling, and directional simulation methods for structural reliability evaluation. System reliability: classification of systems; review of classical systems reliability methods; bounds on the reliability of series systems; approximate methods for non-series systems. Probabilistic design; codified design formats; partial factor design code format.
Bibliography
J. Ferry Borges and M. Castanheta, Structural Safety, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, 2nd Edition, 1971
Thoft-Christensen, P., Baker, M. J., Structural Reliability Theory and its Applications, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1982
Melchers, R. E., Structural Reliability, Analysis and Prediction. 2nd Edition John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
Guedes Soares, C. (Ed.) Probabilistic Methods for Structural Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers; Dordrecht: 1997.
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C3) Fatigue reliability and rational inspection planning |
Principal lecturers: Yordan Garbatov, yordan.garbatov@mar.ist.utl.pt; Carlos Guedes Soares, guedess@mar.ist.utl.pt
Associated lecturer: Joško Parunov, jparunov@fsb.hr
Course location: FAMENA (Zagreb, Croatia)
Objectives
The present course provides an overview of methods for fatigue analysis including the crack propagation methods. Furthermore, corrosion prediction models and ship hull degradation models are described. Uncertainties in all pertinant variables are also covered, equaly as fatigue reliability methods. Finally, practical applicability of fatigue reliability theory for rational inspection planning are also covered by this course.
Programme
Fatigue loading and stresses. Fatigue calculation models. Fatigue strength under cyclic loading and influencing parameters. S-N curves and joint classification. Fracture mechanics and Fatigue crack growth. Improvement of fatigue life by fabrication. Deterioration models for steel and corrosion wastage. Inspection techniques. Fatigue reliability of welded ship structure. Time dependent reliability. Reliability based inspection and maintenance. Reliability of ship hull subjected to crack growth and corrosion. Optimal replacement times for components whose operating cost increases with time. Optimal preventive replacement age of a component subject to breakdown. Optimal inspection frequency and maximization of profit.
Bibliography
A. Almar-Naes, 1999, Fatigue Handbook: Offshore Steel Structures, Tapir Forlag; 3rd Edition.
Metals Handbook, 1987, 9th Edition, ASM International Handbook Committee.
P. O'Connor, D. Newton, 1996, Practical Reliability Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd Edition.
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C4) Collision and grounding as criteria in design of ship structures |
Principal lecturer: Petri Varsta, Petri.varsta@tkk.fi
Associated lecturer: Rajko Grubišic, rajko.grubisic@fsb.hr
Course location: FAMENA (Zagreb, Croatia) or TF (Rijeka, Croatia)
Objectives
An overview of collision and grounding phenomena as criteria in ship structure design.
Programme
An introduction to collision and grounding (C&G) is given. Accident statistics and collision scenarios are presented, defined and explained. A theoretical background for collision and grounding is then set including inner mechanics, external dynamics and a coupling of the both. Principles of external dynamics (ED) are analyzed: conservation of momentum, equilibrium of energy and force, motion during event and hydrodynamic effects. During the ED analysis illustrative examples and case-study calculations are presented. Within the internal mechanics (IM) analysis different deformation mechanisms are analyzed. Theory of large deformations is set and failure criteria are defined.
C&G analysis is considered through experimental testing and an exemplary test setup considering forces and accelerations is presented. Parameters affecting the collision and grounding are distinguished and recognized. An introduction to finite element method is given as a numerical tool for C&G modeling and calculation. Explicit and implicit methods are explained as well as nonlinear solution methods, material models, effect of added mass etc.
Design for crashworthiness completes the course. Main design principles for crashworthy structures, modified structural and general arrangement and implementation of novel structure to the ship structure is considered. An introduction to optimization of crashworthiness is presented.
Bibliography
Proceedings of International Conference on Collision and Grounding of Ships (ICCGS1998, ICCGS2001, ICCGS2004, ICCGS2007)
Belytschko, T., Liu, W. K. and Moran, B. "Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures", J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.
John O. Hallquist, LS-Dyna Theoretical Manual.
Gluver, Ship Collision Analysis, Taylor & Francis.
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C5) Probabilistic approach to damage stability |
Principal lecturer: Carlos Guedes Soares (IST), guedess@mar.ist.utl.pt; Tiago Santos (IST), tsantos@mar.ist.utl.pt; Sime Malenica (BV), sime.malenica@bureauveritas.com
Associated lecturer: Vedran Slapnicar, vedran.slapnicar@fsb.hr
Course location: FAMENA (Zagreb, Croatia)
Objectives
The course will start with a general description of the development of ship damage stability standards, taking especially in consideration relevant accidents and the identification of weak points in the deterministic standards. A comprehensive description of the theoretical foundations of the probabilistic method, in general, will then be provided. This will be followed by an overview of the existing regulations (Resolution . A.265[VIII], MSC.19(58)) based on the probabilistic method, with special emphasis on the differences between different regulations. The new harmonized probabilistic regulations will also be reviewed. These methods will be applied through case studies, aiming to highlight some common difficulties found in its application.Hydrodynamic part of the course will be devoted to wave-induced loads on damaged ships with particular emphasize on differences between wave loads on intact and damaged ships. This course requires the students to have familiarity with undergraduate mathematics and statistics
Programme
Introduction to Subdivision and Damage Stability Standards with Reference to Significant Accidents. Progressive Flooding, Intermediate Stages of Flooding and Transient Phenomena. Structural Loads during Progressive Flooding. Deterministic Subdivision and Damage Stability Standards: SOLAS90, Stockholm Agreement and the Static Equivalent Method. Theoretical Background of the Probabilistic Method for Ship Subdivision (Part I). Theoretical Background of the Probabilistic Method for Ship Subdivision (Part II). Current Probabilistic Regulations for Subdivision and Damage Stability: IMO Resolutions A.265 and MSC.19(58). Harmonized Subdivision and Damage Stability Regulations: Resolution MSC.194(80). Explanatory Notes to the Harmonized Subdivision and Damage Stability Regulations: MSC Circular 1226; Issues Specific to certain Ship Types. Optimization of Ship Subdivision using the Probabilistic Method
Bibliography
9 International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (STAB 2006), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 25-29 September, 2006
8th International Conference on the Stability of Ship and Ocean Vehicles (STAB 2003), Madrid, Spain, September 15-19, 2003, publishd by Asociación de Ingenieros Navales y Oceánicos de Espańa (AINE), Madrid, 2003.
“Contemporary Ideas on Ship Stability”, Elsevier, ISBN 0 08 043652 8, December 2000, 597pp., edited by D. Vassalos, M. Hamamoto, A. Papanikolaou and D. Molyneux.
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